Bride of Wittgenstein
As well as not reading my snail mail, I haven't been reading my comments.
Joshua, for example, makes some good
arguments in response to my feelings that Marxist economics was largely
anachronistic: "So even if some owners decide they
doesn't need their workers, they sure as shootin' still need there to be
a laboring class that consumes without taking a significant share of
capital profit beyond their wages. Unless of course we just start printing money
freely. I hear that has downstream flaws." Let me say from the
get-go that I am not a fan of capitalism because it's difficult to know
just what it means anymore. I suppose it may mean unfettered free-market
exchange, but there's actually never been such a thing, and what passes for the
free market today is a laughable example of the government picking winners
(particularly in defense matters), when it's not providing outright corporate
welfare. People who strongly support Capitalism also tend to support Small
Government, except that they invariably also support Strong Defense, which chews
up a monstrous slice of our tax dollars and sometimes kills us. So, sue me
if I'm a little confused. In any event, my comments weren't meant to heap
ashes solely on Mr. Marx – Adam Smith (AKA God to
all capitalists) and David Ricardo held similar views of value. My
principal complaint with the standard labor theory of value (LVT) is that the
exchange value of a good or service is tied to its labor content. Now,
that content can be busting up rocks, or dancing on stage, or analyzing a
spreadsheet, but the idea is that the labor value is whatever labor gets paid
(or in the case of the downtrodden masses, what they fail to get paid).
Well, CEOs are laborers, too, and even when they're capitalists, they seldom
putting up good money when they can just wait until the board gives them more
back-dated options. Are CEOs worth a salary 400 times what their average
employee makes? Economists would say yes, because that's what the market
is paying (in fact, CEO advocacy groups make this argument all the time).
Isn't it just as possible that going to the right school, making the right
friends, and putting them on your board at some point was a more likely
determinant of CEO salaries? But, I digress. One tenet of LTV (at
least as I read it) is that labor is ultimately the determinant of all value.
Even capital is the bottled and distilled essence of past labor. It makes
more sense to me that there is intrinsic value to many of the world's things
(teak wood, yew bark, gold ore) because, as humans, we desire them for their
properties. It doesn't make sense to say that the value of the gold is the
labor expended to pan it out of the river. Equally, it makes no sense to
me that the nuggets should be valued at the capital required to acquire rights
to it. Both seem like accounting tricks (and if you think statisticians
are liars, you've haven't taken enough accounting) to make two sides of an
equation balance. Is the profit difference between the cost of extraction
and the price at sale a difference attributable to capital and labor (by which I
may mean both management and worker-bees)? Isn't it just as likely we
computed the initial value too low? In the final analysis, I agree with
Joshua that people without power are getting screwed. It's not worth
arguing with such a honorable and intelligent advocate what the philosophical
underpinnings are.
Speaking of things I haven't been reading: I finally read this month's
Harper's. The lead extract is The Idols of Environmentalism by
Curtis White, a fascinating essay that suggests that we stop using
capitalist/scientific language in defending the environment. It's a great
deal more nuanced than standard tree-hugger-speak, but ultimately it calls upon
us to Just Stop Acquiring, Dammit, which seems like a recipe for disaster in
anything like this real world. Don't get me wrong, I'm solidly left of
center, but I like my Rioja and air conditioning and Ricki Lee Jones vinyl, so
isn't it OK that I just buy some carbon credits to compensate? Some gems
from Harper's Index: Number of White House officials authorized to discuss
cases with the Justice Department: 711. Number during the Clinton
administration? 4; Percentage of the No Child Left Behind program
directors who had financial ties to the curricula they developed? 80%;
Portion of states that projected climate changes says will leave them unable to
sustain their State Flower or Tree? 60%; Barrels of oil used to
produce bottled water containers: 16 million; Ratio of water used to
produce that provided in bottled water? 2:1; Number of words of oral
argument spoken by Justice Samuel Alito since February 2006: 14,404;
Number spoken by Clarence Thomas: 132.
I'm also reading How To Read Wittgenstein, that sweet Junie gave me.
Now I know why I have heard his name countless times, but have never run across
his work in a lifetime of casual study: He's Not One Of Us. By which
I mean, rationalists with a grounding in math and other horrors. Except,
of course, that he was. More on that later.
I'm apparently a finalist in a chapbook competition. It's called Junie &
Barker, so you can guess what it's about. More on that later, too.
Comments
"the idea is that the labor value is whatever labor gets paid"
Not quite. The idea is that the worker gets paid less than the value of their labour, the difference being the profit in the employer's pocket.
"Are CEOs worth a salary 400 times what their average employee makes?"
Of course not, but management isn't strictly part of the working class - they're the middle class. Their job is to keep the workers in line, and their wages function as a kind of bribe to keep them on the side of the capitalists, even though most of their interests are common with the workers.
"It doesn't make sense to say that the value of the gold is the labor expended to pan it out of the river."
There's two issues here: the desirability of the gold, and the effort of getting it.
If gold were to become enormously desirable (say, because a new piece of technology which cuts costs by ten requires it) and at the same time enormously easy to get (say, because an island rose from the sea covers with lumps of it)...do you think the price of gold would go up or down?
Its desirability (Marx's "use value") would go up, but its price (loosely, "exchange value") would go down.
These are standard, orthodox answers to your questions. Personally, I think they're at least approximately correct, but you'll obviously have to do your own research and decide for yourself.
You mention Wittgenstein. I personally recommend you get hold of his later works (especially the Blue and Brown Books, Philosophical Investigations), and dip into them at random. IMO, he always stimulates, even when you disagree with him completely.
Posted by: Kapitano | November 27, 2007 06:41 PM